In de indirecte rede staat de bijzin meestal in de verleden tijd als het werkwoord in de hoofdzin in de verleden tijd staat.
(In indirect speech, the subordinate clause is usually in the past tense if the verb in the main clause is in the past tense.)
- In indirect speech, different linking words are used, such as dat, waarom, hoe, of.
- In indirect speech, the verb tense changes: a past tense in direct speech becomes the past perfect, a present tense becomes the past tense, and zal becomes zou.
| Type zin (Type of sentence) | Directe rede (Direct speech ) | Indirecte rede (Indirect speech ) |
|---|---|---|
| normale zin (declarative sentence) | (The flood caused a lot of damage.) | Hij zei dat de overstroming veel schade had veroorzaakt. (He said that the flood had caused a lot of damage.) |
| vragende zin (question) | (Why did you commit yourself to the environment?) | Hij vroeg waarom ze zich voor het milieu had ingezet. (He asked why she had committed herself to the environment.) |
| voorwaardelijke zin (conditional sentence) | (If you make an effort, it can help.) | Ze zei dat als je je inzette, het zou kunnen helpen. (She said that if you made an effort, it would be able to help.) |
Exercise 1: Multiple choice
Instruction: Choose the correct answer
Fetching your corrections... Please don't close this page yet.
1. De wethouder zei dat de vervuiling in onze wijk de afgelopen jaren ____ toegenomen.
The alderman said that the pollution in our neighborhood ____ increased in recent years.2. Mijn collega vroeg waarom de gemeente de vergunningen voor die fabriek ____ verlengd.
My colleague asked why the municipality ____ extended the permits for that factory.3. De medewerker van de gemeente zei dat als we beter recycleerden, we minder restafval ____ hebben.
The municipality employee said that if we recycled better, we ____ have less residual waste.4. De huisarts vroeg of ik me aan de adviezen over luchtkwaliteit ____ gehouden.
The GP asked whether I ____ followed the advice about air quality.Exercise 2: Rewrite the phrases
Instruction: Change the sentences from direct speech to reported speech: start with the indicated verb (e.g. said/asked) and use the correct conjunction (that/why/how/or); adjust the tenses (present → past, past → past perfect, will → would).
Fetching your corrections... Please don't close this page yet.
Show/Hide translation Show/Hide hints-
⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleHij zei dat hij het rapport de volgende dag zou inleveren.(He said that he would hand in the report the next day.)
-
⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleDe teamleider vroeg waarom ik me ziek had gemeld.(The team leader asked why I had called in sick.)
-
⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleZe zei dat de storing de dag ervoor veel problemen had veroorzaakt.(She said that the outage had caused many problems the day before.)
-
⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleDe collega zei dat als ik de handleiding las, ik het sneller zou begrijpen.(The colleague said that if I read the manual, I would understand it faster.)
Exercise 3: Multiple Choice
Instruction: Choose the correct indirect speech in the past tense.
Fetching your corrections... Please don't close this page yet.