De voltooid verleden tijd wordt gecombineerd met de onvoltooid verleden tijd om twee acties in het verleden te beschrijven, waarbij de ene handeling al voltooid was voordat de andere begon.
(The past perfect is combined with the simple past to describe two actions in the past, where one action had already been completed before the other began.)
- Often used with time expressions such as 'voordat' (before), 'nadat' (after), or 'terwijl' (while)
- Combining these two tenses helps make the context and the time relationship between two actions clear
| Onvoltooid verleden tijd (Simple past) | Voltooid verleden tijd (Past perfect) | Voorbeeld (Example) |
|---|---|---|
| gaan → ging (to go → went) | zijn + geüpdatet (to have (as auxiliary) + updated) | Voordat hij ging solliciteren, had hij zijn cv geüpdatet. (Before he went to apply, he had updated his CV.) |
| ontmoeten → ontmoette (to meet → met) | had + afgerond (had + completed) | Toen ik hem ontmoette, had ik mijn stage afgerond. (When I met him, I had completed my internship.) |
| hebben → had (to have → had) | had + geschreven (had + written) | Voordat ze het sollicitatiegesprek had, had zij de referentiebrief geschreven. (Before she had the job interview, she had written the reference letter.) |
| beginnen → begon (to start → started) | had + voltooid (had + completed) | Voordat ze haar baan begon, had ze de technische opleiding voltooid. (Before she started her job, she had completed the technical training.) |
| aankomen → aankwam (to arrive → arrived) | had + afgemaakt (had + finished) | Toen ze bij de werkplek aankwam, had zij haar motivatiebrief afgemaakt. (When she arrived at the workplace, she had finished her cover letter.) |
Exercise 1: Multiple choice
Instruction: Choose the correct answer
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1. Voordat ik naar het uitzendbureau ging, ______ ik mijn cv bijgewerkt.
Before I went to the employment agency, ______ I had updated my CV.2. Toen ik bij het UWV aankwam, ______ ik de motivatiebrief al afgemaakt.
When I arrived at the UWV, ______ I had already finished the cover letter.3. Nadat ik de referentiebrief ______ gevraagd, belde ik mijn oude baas nog een keer om de afspraak te bevestigen.
After I ______ asked for the reference letter, I called my old boss one more time to confirm the appointment.4. Voordat het sollicitatiegesprek begon, ______ ik mijn beschikbaarheid duidelijk opgeschreven.
Before the job interview began, ______ I had clearly written down my availability.Exercise 2: Rewrite the phrases
Instruction: Rewrite every two sentences into one sentence with a temporal clause (before, after, when or while). Use the simple past for the main action and the past perfect for what had happened earlier. Example: When I arrived, I had already phoned.
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⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleVoordat hij ging solliciteren, had hij eerst zijn cv geüpdatet.(Before he started applying for jobs, he had first updated his CV.)
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⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleToen ik mijn nieuwe collega ontmoette, had ik mijn stage al afgerond.(When I met my new colleague, I had already finished my internship.)
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⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleVoordat ze het sollicitatiegesprek had, had ze eerst een referentiebrief geschreven.(Before she had the job interview, she had first written a reference letter.)
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⇒ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ExampleVoordat ze met haar nieuwe baan begon, had ze al een technische opleiding voltooid.(Before she started her new job, she had already completed a technical training program.)
Exercise 3: Multiple Choice
Instruction: For each question, choose the sentence with the correct combination of simple past and past perfect.
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